21-765 Slide 6

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Layered Data Organization Model

Type	Description	Linux Commands (man)
bit	0,1
byte	0-255, 00-FF	hexedit
data structure/class/object	group of bytes context sensitive meaning big endian/ little endian
file	size in bytes attributes: permissions/ownership special: major/minor number magic number/shebang	file, ls -l rm, cp, mv chown, chgrp, chmod cat, less emacs, pico grep
directory/folder	list of files description of files attributes: permissions/ownership hidden files path: "/" "." ".." "~"	cd, ls -l, du mkdir, rmdir pwd, find chown,chgrp, chmod
filesystem/partition USB stick: FAT/FAT32 CDROM: ISO9660 HDD/SSD: ext2, ext4, xfs, NTFS network: nfs, afs virtual: proc, sys	hierarchy of files and folders format block - inode - journal redundancy delete/undelete files drive/mount - /etc/fstab	mke2fs -j mkdosfs mkisofs fsck mount, df blkid
device	group of partitions partition table: MSDOS, gpt boot sector EFI partition, loaders	fdisk, parted grub

ls -l, cat, chmod, chown, chgrp
ls-la

fdisk
fdisk

mount

df

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